showing the working

← ManpowerGroup

The business behind the dividend

MeasureMANMedianFormula
Return on equity-0.6%10.6%Net income ÷ shareholders’ equity
Return on capital employed4.1%10.0%Operating income ÷ (equity + total debt)
Owner earnings$15.40m$120.90mNet income + depreciation & amortisation − capital expenditure
Free cash flow$-161.40m$155.08mOperating cash flow − capital expenditure
Operating margin0.8%14.3%Operating income ÷ revenue
Net margin-0.1%10.1%Net income ÷ revenue
Debt to equity0.80x0.73xTotal debt ÷ shareholders’ equity
Interest cover1.57x4.22xOperating income ÷ interest expense
Current ratio1.11x1.55xCurrent assets ÷ current liabilities
Long-term debt to working capital1.89x1.88xLong-term debt ÷ (current assets − current liabilities)
Cash conversionOperating cash flow ÷ net income
Accruals1.0%-3.1%(Net income − operating cash flow) ÷ total assets

Not computed here: Cash conversion — why a blank is not a zero.

Ten years of it

The same measures, for every year the filings support. One year is a fact; a row is a business.

Measure2025202420232022202120202019201820172016Median
Return on equity-0.6%6.8%4.0%15.3%15.2%1.0%17.0%21.2%19.7%18.8%15.2%
Return on capital employed4.1%10.0%8.0%17.0%16.2%5.3%16.9%21.8%21.2%23.4%16.2%
Operating margin0.8%1.7%1.4%2.9%2.8%1.0%3.1%3.6%3.8%3.8%2.8%
Net margin-0.1%0.8%0.5%1.9%1.8%0.1%2.2%2.5%2.6%2.3%1.8%
Debt to equity0.80x0.44x0.45x0.39x0.44x0.46x0.39x0.39x0.34x0.35x0.39x
Current ratio1.11x1.12x1.16x1.21x1.11x1.42x1.46x1.44x1.28x1.40x1.21x
Cash conversion2.13x3.92x1.13x1.69x39.34x1.75x0.87x0.74x1.35x1.69x