showing the working

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The business behind the dividend

MeasureTENMedianFormula
Return on equity8.8%10.6%Net income ÷ shareholders’ equity
Return on capital employed7.0%10.0%Operating income ÷ (equity + total debt)
Owner earnings$28.81m$120.90mNet income + depreciation & amortisation − capital expenditure
Free cash flow$-4.53m$155.08mOperating cash flow − capital expenditure
Operating margin31.6%14.3%Operating income ÷ revenue
Net margin20.1%10.1%Net income ÷ revenue
Debt to equity0.98x0.73xTotal debt ÷ shareholders’ equity
Interest cover2.68x4.22xOperating income ÷ interest expense
Current ratio0.95x1.55xCurrent assets ÷ current liabilities
Long-term debt to working capitalLong-term debt ÷ (current assets − current liabilities)
Cash conversion1.85x1.66xOperating cash flow ÷ net income
Accruals-3.5%-3.1%(Net income − operating cash flow) ÷ total assets

Not computed here: Long-term debt to working capital — why a blank is not a zero.

Ten years of it

The same measures, for every year the filings support. One year is a fact; a row is a business.

Measure2025202420232022202120202019201820172016Median
Return on equity8.8%10.2%18.5%13.9%-12.2%1.8%1.0%-6.6%0.5%4.0%1.8%
Return on capital employed7.0%8.4%12.9%8.9%-4.6%3.4%2.9%-0.9%2.0%2.8%2.9%
Operating margin31.6%34.6%44.0%29.8%-21.9%15.0%14.4%-5.3%12.0%18.6%15.0%
Net margin20.1%21.9%33.7%23.7%-27.7%3.7%2.5%-18.7%1.4%11.6%3.7%
Debt to equity0.98x0.93x0.87x0.96x1.11x1.11x1.06x1.07x1.17x1.25x1.06x
Current ratio0.95x1.11x1.58x1.39x0.72x0.84x1.12x1.25x0.90x0.91x0.95x
Cash conversion1.85x1.75x1.32x1.41x8.56x12.19x22.44x3.05x3.05x